Digital Archive Ontario, a website by Toronto Public Library, is a treasure chest of interesting digitized maps, postcards, bird's-eye views, vintage photos, ephemera and older books. There are over 160,000 items and the collection is expanding daily.
Hundreds of maps are available and we wanted to share a selection from across the province to give you a small taste of our rich resources. There are many maps and other items from communities (big and small) from all over the province in Digital Archive Ontario, so feel free to check out any town of interest.
(For further research on maps of Ontario, or Upper Canada as it was called in the 1700s/1800s and then Canada West in the 1840s/50s, you may want to seek out Joan Winearl's book Mapping Upper Canada, 1780-1867: An Annotated Bibliography of Manuscript and Printed maps. This book is available for use in the Toronto Reference Library only, and cannot be borrowed.)
The oldest maps are hand drawn (manuscripts). This one by John Collins shows portage routes. Notes for the routes include the heights of waterfalls and distances of carrying, measured in both miles and chains. (Did you know a chain is 66 feet long, and 80 chains equals one statue mile?) All of this would be important information in a time when travel was by water and foot — sort of like GPS for the 1700s. There's also an interesting note: "A salt spring discharges into this river, three gallons of water makes one gallon of salt."
A note in our record for this map lists it as the first printed map of Upper Canada, second edition.
This smaller map has hand-tinted colouring.
By 1865 you have this pocket-sized map. (It would have been folded — and something acidic has stained the edges.) You can see the expansion of the settlement along the Ottawa River and north from both lakes. Also, a helpful legend in the bottom right indicates canals, railways, proposed railways, plank and gravelled roads and other roads.
Also check out a 1907 map showing the same canal. Canals played a key economic, transportation and political role in early Ontario history. See this broadside from 1841 about a meeting in support of the Trent Severn Canal.
Speaking of transportation, railways also played a key role in Ontario's history. Two related maps: the Muskoka Lake map later in this post and also a proposed South Simcoe Junction Railway map from 1873.
The grid pattern of street layout (as well as surveying in the countryside) was the preferred surveying method for town planning.
See also a view of Napanee in 1874 which uses a similar etching style and aerial perspective.
This shows "the Square" with radiating streets going out — not unlike the French Paris Arc de Triomphe. The community was planned on paper and then built in the early mid 1800s — and is at odds with the general grid pattern in much of the rest of Ontario (see the below biking map). And like the Ottawa photo above, this aerial view shows you the community and buildings in a more lively way than a simple map. There's another photo from 1946 and a slightly different angle which shows the "Square" in winter.
This map demonstrates the real grid/linear feel to surveying in Ontario. It's especially in contrast to Goderich Square, above, with streets that radiate out.
This Muskoka Lakes map is one of the most popular maps in our collection. A closer look reveals the importance of rail travel, especially local small route railroads in a pre-automobile era. The map's insert includes a more detailed rail map. Names of hotels and inns are also listed. For a more detailed view with the names of property owners, see a map of the Canadian Northern Railway in the Muskokas (1914).
Another type of map in Digital Archive Ontario is fire insurance plans; there are currently many insurance plans available from the province, made in the early 1900s. They are incredibly detailed and really useful for historical, architectural and genealogical research.
This fold-out map was created as a promotion for real estate in a newly laid out suburb of the small rural town of Ojibway. It represents some advertising savvy by Fred Martin (realtor) on behalf of the Newman Park subdivision (it even includes comparisons to new subdivisions in Gary, Indiana and the increase in value they had). What's interesting with some of these proposal maps is that they weren't always built.
Visit Digital Archive Ontario for more maps and other rare and unique items from Toronto Public Library's collections.
